The coastlines of the Macao SAR are divided into two main categories: artificial coastline and natural coastline. The artificial coastline plays a dominant role, while the natural coastline includes the native natural coastline and the restored natural coastline. The native natural coastline includes the sandy coastline and the rocky coastline, while the restored natural coastline includes the spontaneously recuperated coastline and the renovated coastline coastline. Specifically, the spontaneously recuperated coastline refers to the coastline that is not restored to the natural coastline form through artificial intervention, while the renovated coastline refers to the coastline that regenerates the ecological functions of the natural coastline through artificial intervention. According to the latest statistics of the coastline revision in 2023, the artificial coastline is mainly distributed on the Macao Peninsula and the north and east sides of Taipa Island, with a total length of 67 km. The sandy coastline is mainly distributed in the Black Sand Beach and Cheoc Van Beach of Coloane Island, with a total length of 2.2 km; the rocky coastline is mainly distributed in the south and east parts of Coloane Island, with a total length of 5.2 km; there is no spontaneously recuperated coastline in the latest revision; the renovated coastline is distributed in the forest planting area and the ecological protection zone 2 in the west of Taipa Island along the coast, with a total length of 5.1 km.

Distribution of types of Macao SAR coastlines

Types of coastlines	Total length （Kilometer）	Scale （%）	Macau Peninsula （Kilometer）	Macao Peninsula （Kilometer）	New urban zone A（Kilometer）	Artificial Island of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Macao Port Administration Area（Kilometer）	New urban zone C（Kilometer）
Artificial coastline	67.0	84.3	18.4	37.1	5.7	2.7	3.1
Sandy coastline	2.2	2.8	0.1	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rocky coastline	5.2	6.5	0.0	5.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spontaneously recuperated	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Renovated coastline	5.1	6.4	0.0	5.1	0.0	0.0	0.0

* Outlying Islands (including Taipa Island, Cotai Reclaimed Area, and Coloane Island)

Artificial Slope Embankment Coastline (East of Macao Science Center)	Artificial Vertical Embankment Coastline (East of Macao Science Center)
Sandy Coastline (Cheoc Van Beach)	Rocky Coastline (South End of Coloane Island)
Renovated Coastline (Estrada do Dique Oeste )

Utilization status of Macao SAR coastlines

The coastlines are classified according to their development and utilization status. The types of coastlines developed and utilized by Macao SAR mainly include industrial coastline, transportation coastline, tourism coastline, urban and rural construction coastline and other coastlines, accounting for 92.6% of the total coastline length. In addition, the unutilized coastline is mainly composed of rocky coastline and sandy coastline that do not have the function of sightseeing and tourism. They are mainly distributed in the south of Coloane Island and the north of Taipa Island, accounting for 7.4% of the total coastline length.

Distribution of the Utilization Status of Macao SAR Coastlines

* Outlying Islands (including Taipa Island, Cotai Reclaimed Area, and Coloane Island)